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Geoinformation Systems
Purpose of GIS:
This atlas is intended for use:
- for perspective and routine planning of industrial development in region;
- for design of forecast models of influence of growing anthropogenous loading on functioning Lake Ladoga ecosystem;
- for use as a help material at the decision of scientific, economic and nature protection problems;
- and, also, for the organization of tourism and other recreational activity.
Structure of database:
The atlas includes results of long-term researches on Lake Ladoga, which are present as electronic maps (76), diagrams, and figures (13). It consists of 4 thematic sections:
- A catchment and a depression of lake.
- A hydrology and hydrophysics of water weights.
- Concentration of chemical components in water weight and bottom sediments.
- The organic life of a lake.
The Program environment and
Programming languages:
C
Volume of a database:
4 Mb
Purpose of GIS :
GIS carries out an integration of the semantic meteorological, hydrological and hydrochemical information and geographical knowledge about Lake Ladoga basin.
The main functionalities :
- Parameters smoothing for any period for anyone geographical object, available in a database;
- Formation as a dialogue of complex inquiries and samples from a database;
- Calculation of complex parameters of water quality on the basis of stored data;
- Representation of results, listed before, as thematic maps, tables and schedules;
- Division into districts of different parameters by colouring of object according to a color scale of theirs range;
- Search of the data by means of the call to the stored information through inquiries to the cartographical image produced on the screen of the display;
- Maintenance of modelling.
Structure of database :
The hydrochemical DB includes the information by 129 posts of Federal Hydrometereology and Environmental Monitoring Service (53 - on a watershed, 39 - on water area of Lake Ladoga, 8 - on water area of Lake Ilmen, 29 - on water area of Lake Onego) from 1986 to 1989. And also, there are data for 1990 - 1996 by 10 posts on a watershed (Finland part) and by 24 posts on Lake Saimaa. Data include monthly measured concentration of the following components: O2, BOD5, ðÍ, dichromate oxidability, Synthetic Floating Active Substances, mineral oil, nitrites nitrogen, nitrates nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, mineral phosphorus, Cu, Pb, Cd. Mn, Cr, Zn. Hg.
The hydrological DB includes monthly average charges of water (1968 – 1989), mid-annual, minimal 30-day's summer, minimal 30-day's winter charges of water (1986 – 1989), mid-annual charges of water for the period of supervision.
The Program environment and
Programming languages:
GiS MapInfo Professional, MapBasic 4.0.
Volume of a database:
15 Mb
Purpose of GIS :
Research of zone and azonal appropriateness of change of thermal and water lake regime, and, also, estimation of lake water resources in global, national and regional scales.
The main functionalities:
- Input, editing and processing of the information;
- Realization of various inquiries to databases, search of objects in tables and on maps;
- The decision of modelling tasks;
- The results conclusion in various forms.
The system of typical inquiries to a database with specially developed system of the menu and dialogues is used for search, extraction and viewing of the information.
Structure of database:
The database contains the following data on lakes:
Geographical - 1) the name of the lake (including local or alternative) in Russian, English and Latin; 2) continent, the country, administrative area and geographical region; 3) coordinates, altitude and location of snow line (for mountain lakes);
Morphometrical - 1) an origin of a lake basin (glacial, tectonic, etc.); 2) type of lake (presence of outflow\ closed basin) and character of level fluctuations (regulated\unregulated); 3) average and maximal depths, the area, volume, length and irregularity of a coastal line; 4) the area of a watershed and of a specific watershed;
Hydrological - 1) a range of annual and interannual level fluctuations; 2) average components of water balance (runoff, evaporation, inflow, etc.); 3) conditional water exchange; 4) modulus of flow;
Meteorological and climatological - 1) average and extreme values in an annual cycle: a) air temperatures b) total radiation, nebulosity, albedo and absorbed radiation; c) effective radiations, radiating balance, heat current due to evaporation\condensation, contact heat exchange, rivers and subsoil waters inflow\outflow, snowmelting\ ice formation; d) Bouen index; e) the total thermal budget of a surface; 2) aridity index; 3) thickness of ice and duration of freezing-over period;
Hydrochemical - 1) type of lake by salinity index; 2) average salinity and its lapse rate; 3) a chemical composition of the water (for salty lake); 4) ðÍ;
Hydrothermal - 1) average and extreme values in an annual cycle: a) temperatures of a water surface; b) heat reserve and heat budgets of lake and bottom sediments; c) heat current on a border of lake - bottom; 2) mixing type (dimictic, monomictic, etc.) as actual, as predicted by zone terical model (Ryanzhin, 1994); 3) depth of seasonal thermocline, values of windspeed and wind distance, depth of disk Secchi and integrated factor of water absorption; 4) a time interval between spring and autumn thermobar passage (for temperate dimictic lakes);
Others - 1) comments; 2) references and data sources.
The Program environment and
Programming languages:
GIS MapInfo Professional, MapBasic 4.0.
Volume of a database:
Now GIS contains the data on more than 11000 fresh and salty lakes. The data are distributed by continents:
America - 1,800 (the USA, Canada-1,300; Central and South America-150, 350), Africa - 300, Australia, New Zealand and Oceania - 400, Antarctica - 70, Asia - 1,700, Europe - more than 8,000 lakes (Russia - approximately - 5,000).
Volume of base is 40 Mb
Sources of data:
The data collected from: 1) publications UNEP/ILEC and IAHS (Data, 1988-93, etc.);
2) Global, national and regional catalogues of lakes (Richter, 1957; Herdendorf, 1982, 1990; ßêóøêî, 1983, etc.);
3) The general limnologycal monographies (Halbfas, 1922; Hutchinson, 1957; Wetzel, 1974, etc., for example, in Hutchinson, 1957 are contained the data on 820 lakes);
4) Materials of the international and national conferences, and also from publications in periodics (for last 40-50 years): Science, Nature, J. Geophysical Res.,
Limnology and Oceanography, Water Resourses, Water Resourses Res., Intern. Verhein. Verein. Limnology, J. Great Lakes Res., Ecological Modelling, Hydrobiology, Fresh Water Biology, Arch. Hydrobiology, Ecography, Climatology, Nordic Hydrology, Canada J. Freshwater Aquat. Sci., Japan J. Limnology, J. Fishery Res. Board Canada, Austral. J. Marine Freshwater Sci., New Zealand J. Marine Freshwater Sci., Swiss J. Hydrology, China J. Oceanography and Limnology, J. Limnology Soc. South Africa, Äîêë. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ (in Russia), Èçâ. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ (in Russia), Water resources, Meteorology and the Hydrology, Èçâ. ÃÎ ÑÑÑÐ (in Russia), Geography and Natural resources, etc.
Purpose of GIS :
Research of zone and azonal appropriateness of change of thermal and water regimes of lakes, and, also, estimation of lake water resources of Northwest Russia in global, national and regional scales.
The main functionalities :
The means for use, as the initial information for mathematical models its cartographical representation, are created. It is necessary for estimation of a condition of the unexplored water objects.
The model of an estimation of characteristics of a thermal lake condition, realizing this idea, is included in GIS. Entrance parameters (coordinates and altitudes) for calculation are loaded from maps, the user needs to specify only a disposition of lake on a map.
The map of Northwest Russia in format MapInfo is used, as a cartographical basis.
The interface of the user includes the menu, dialogues,
windows and the panel with tools and provides the following functions of system:
- Input, editing and processing of the information;
- Realization of various inquiries to databases, search of objects in tables and on maps.
- The decision of modelling tasks;
- The results conclusion in various forms.
Structure of database:
The database contains the following data on lakes:
Geographical - 1) the name of the lake (including local or alternative) in Russian, English and Latin; 2) continent, the country, administrative area and geographical region; 3) coordinates, altitude and location of snow line (for mountain lakes);
Morphometrical - 1) an origin of a lake basin (glacial, tectonic, etc.); 2) type of lake (presence of outflow\ closed basin) and character of level fluctuations (regulated\unregulated); 3) average and maximal depths, the area, volume, length and irregularity of a coastal line; 4) the area of a watershed and of a specific watershed;
Hydrological - 1) a range of annual and interannual level fluctuations; 2) average components of water balance (runoff, evaporation, inflow, etc.); 3) conditional water exchange; 4) modulus of flow;
Meteorological and climatological - 1) average and extreme values in an annual cycle: a) air temperatures b) total radiation, nebulosity, albedo and absorbed radiation; c) effective radiations, radiating balance, heat current due to evaporation\condensation, contact heat exchange, rivers and subsoil waters inflow\outflow, snowmelting\ ice formation; d) Bouen index; e) the total thermal budget of a surface; 2) aridity index; 3) thickness of ice and duration of freezing-over period;
Hydrochemical - 1) type of lake by salinity index; 2) average salinity and its lapse rate; 3) a chemical composition of the water (for salty lake); 4) ðÍ;
Hydrothermal - 1) average and extreme values in an annual cycle: a) temperatures of a water surface; b) heat reserve and heat budgets of lake and bottom sediments; c) heat current on a border of lake - bottom; 2) mixing type (dimictic, monomictic, etc.) as actual, as predicted by zone terical model (Ryanzhin, 1994); 3) depth of seasonal thermocline, values of windspeed and wind distance, depth of disk Secchi and integrated factor of water absorption; 4) a time interval between spring and autumn thermobar passage (for temperate dimictic lakes);
Others - 1) comments; 2) references and data sources.
The Program environment and
Programming languages:
GIS MapInfo Professional, MapBasic 4.0.
Volume of a database:
GIS contains the data on more than 3000 fresh and salty lakes.
Volume of base is 10 Mb.
Sources of the data:
The data collected from :
1) Regional catalogues of lakes (Richter, 1957, etc.);
2) The general limnological monographies;
3) Materials of the international, national and regional conferences, and also from publications in corresponding periodices (for last 40-50 years).
Purpose of GIS :
The system is intended for storage and processing of results of survey researches of Lake Lahtinskiy Razliv basin.
The main functionalities :
Calculation of the statistical information; visual representation of parameter change on a basin geographical map; construction of diagrams and graphs of a parameter time series, change of parameter by a length of water system.
Structure of database :
the Database contains the hydrochemical information from 1995 to 1998 by the following groups observations: inflow observation (28 sites, about 20 components); lake observation (11 sites, about 22 components); results of geochemical soil survey of Lake Lahtinskiy Razliv basin; the data on a chemical composition of a snow cover by lakes water area and by watersheds.
The Program environment
and Programming languages:
Clarion
Volume of a database:
1 Mb
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The institute participated in the organization of conference «the Ecological condition of continental reservoirs of the Arctic zone in connection with industrial development of northern territories »,which took place in Arkhangelsk in the period 20-25 June 2005.
